Table 2 lists the maximum energy storage of flywheels with different materials, where the energy storage density represents the theoretical value based on an equal-thickness-disc flywheel rotor.
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Due to the highly interdisciplinary nature of FESSs, we survey different design approaches, choices of subsystems, and the effects on performance, cost, and applications.
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First-generation flywheel energy-storage systems use a large steel flywheel rotating on mechanical bearings. Newer systems use carbon-fiber composite rotors that have a higher tensile strength than steel and can store much more energy for the same mass.
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Since FESS is a highly inter-disciplinary subject, this paper gives insights such as the choice of flywheel materials, bearing technologies, and the implications for the overall design and performance. For the application survey, we focus.
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